American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Practice Exam 2025 - Free ABFM Practice Questions and Study Guide

The recommended screening method for lung cancer in high-risk adults is low-dose noncontrast CT. This approach is favored because studies, particularly the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), have demonstrated that low-dose CT scans significantly reduce lung cancer mortality in high-risk populations compared to traditional chest X-rays.

High-risk individuals typically include those aged 50-80 with a significant smoking history (such as a 20 pack-year history) or current smokers. Low-dose CT scans are particularly effective because they provide a more detailed image of the lungs, allowing for the early detection of tumors that may not be visible on standard imaging methods.

Other screening options like annual chest X-rays have not been shown to improve outcomes in terms of lung cancer mortality. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not commonly used for lung cancer screening as it is more suited for assessing soft tissue and other specific conditions. High-dose contrast CT is also not recommended for lung cancer screening due to the associated risks and lack of evidence supporting its efficacy compared to low-dose noncontrast CT.

Thus, the focus on low-dose noncontrast CT reflects both its effectiveness in identifying early-stage lung cancers and its safety profile, making it the appropriate choice for screening high-risk adults.