American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Practice Exam 2026 - Free ABFM Practice Questions and Study Guide

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an intolerance to gluten, which can lead to malabsorption of nutrients in the intestine. One of the most significant complications associated with celiac disease is osteoporosis. This condition arises due to the malabsorption of key nutrients such as calcium and vitamin D, which are essential for maintaining bone health.

In individuals with celiac disease, the damage to the intestinal lining compromises the ability to absorb these nutrients effectively, leading to decreased bone density and an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis can develop even in a relatively short period, especially if the dietary restrictions are not addressed or if gluten continues to be ingested unknowingly.

Additionally, other complications related to celiac disease include certain types of cancers and gastrointestinal issues, but osteoporosis remains one of the most prevalent and significant long-term consequences of untreated or poorly managed celiac disease. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and adherence to a strict gluten-free diet to prevent malabsorption and associated complications like osteoporosis.