American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Practice Exam 2026 - Free ABFM Practice Questions and Study Guide

Bisphosphonates are a class of medications primarily used to treat osteoporosis and certain bone conditions by inhibiting bone resorption. One of the well-documented side effects associated with bisphosphonates is esophageal ulceration. This occurs because these medications can cause irritation to the esophagus, especially if they are not taken with sufficient water or if the patient lies down immediately after taking them. The esophageal irritation can lead to inflammation, ulceration, and in severe cases, strictures. To minimize this risk, patients are typically advised to take bisphosphonates in an upright position with a full glass of water, and to avoid lying down for at least 30 minutes afterward.

The other options listed do not have the same strong association with bisphosphonates. Dermatitis, while it can occur with some medications, is not a common side effect specifically linked to bisphosphonates. Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) and thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts) are not common side effects of bisphosphonates and are more characteristic of other medication classes or medical conditions. Understanding these mechanisms helps healthcare providers educate their patients on the proper use of bisphosphonates and the potential side effects to